All stories / Ghost stories
Illustration of a scene from the rakugo story Botan Doro

Botan DoroThe Peony Lantern

牡丹灯籠(ぼたんどうろう)

Hagiwara Shinzaburo is a ronin (a masterless samurai) living in Shimizudani, Nezu. From the night of Obon, Otsuyu, the daughter of a hatamoto (a direct retainer of the shogun), comes to visit him, with her maid Oyone carrying a lantern decorated with peony flowers. But Otsuyu is supposed to have died of longing for Shinzaburo. Shinzaburo seals his house with paper charms, but then Tomozo, one of his tenants, and his wife Omine receive a request from the ghosts: please peel off the charms... This is a long kaidan-banashi (ghost story) by Sanyutei Encho I.

Reading
Botan Doro. The title is also written Kaidan Botan Doro (The Ghost Story of the Peony Lantern)
Category
Kaidan-banashi (ghost story) and ninjo-banashi (story of human feeling), told as a long serial
Style
Edo (Tokyo style)
Author
Sanyutei Encho I. Said to have been written around 1861–1864, at the end of the Edo period
Original tale
“Botan Toki” (The Peony Lantern) in Jiandeng Xinhua, a collection of tales from Ming dynasty China, and its Japanese adaptation “Botan Doro” in Asai Ryoi's Otogi Boko (published 1666). Encho is also said to have drawn on a ghost story handed down at a rice dealer in Fukagawa and a story he heard at a hatamoto's house in Ushigome
Structure
A long work divided into twenty-odd chapters in the sokkibon (a book transcribed from the spoken performance) published in 1884 (Meiji 17). At yose (variety theaters) and rakugo shows, performers usually take out one part, such as “Otsuyu and Shinzaburo” or “Ofuda-hagashi” (Peeling Off the Charms)
Setting
Shimizudani in Nezu, the Shin-Banzuiin temple in Yanaka, and later Kurihashi, a post town
Season
Summer (the ghosts start visiting on the thirteenth day of Obon)
Connections
Adapted for kabuki by Kawatake Shinshichi III in 1892 (Meiji 25) as Kaidan Botan Doro, first staged at the Kabuki-za by Onoe Kikugoro V and others
CategoryKaidan-banashi (ghost story)Ninjo-banashi (story of human feeling)
CharactersHagiwara Shinzaburo, a roninOtsuyu, daughter of Iijima HeizaemonOyone, her maidTomozo, a tenantOmine, Tomozo's wifeHakuodo Yusai, a physiognomistRyoseki, the priest of Shin-BanzuiinYamamoto Shijo, a doctor
SettingShimizudani, NezuShin-Banzuiin, YanakaKurihashi post town
HighlightsThe karan-koron of the ghost's wooden clogsTomozo receiving the ghosts' request from inside his mosquito netThe couple talking over the hundred ryoPeeling off the charm from the top of a ladder

The story From “Otsuyu and Shinzaburo” to “Ofuda-hagashi”

Hagiwara Shinzaburo is a ronin who owns fields and rental tenements in Shimizudani, Nezu, and lives on the income. The doctor Yamamoto Shijo takes him on an outing, and there he meets Otsuyu, the daughter of the hatamoto Iijima Heizaemon. The two fall for each other at first sight, but they never meet again, and time passes. Eventually Shijo tells him that Otsuyu has died of longing for him, and that her maid Oyone soon died as well.

The thirteenth night of Obon. As Shinzaburo gazes at the moon, he hears wooden clogs going karan-koron, and along come Oyone, carrying a lantern decorated with peony flowers, and Otsuyu, who is supposed to be dead. Each had been told that the other was dead, and they rejoice. From that night on, Otsuyu comes to Shinzaburo almost every night.

Tomozo, one of Shinzaburo's tenants, peeks through a gap in the door late at night. Clinging to Shinzaburo's neck is a woman who is nothing but skin and bones. Hakuodo Yusai, a physiognomist who hears about this from Tomozo, sees the shadow of death on Shinzaburo's face. Shinzaburo goes around Sansaki-mura in Yanaka, where the women said they lived, and on his way back he passes through the Shin-Banzuiin temple, where he finds a new grave and a peony lantern he recognizes.

Ryoseki, the priest of Shin-Banzuiin, lends him a solid gold statue of the Kaion Nyorai (a Buddha) as protection against the dead, and gives him paper charms. Shinzaburo pastes the charms on the doors and windows and shuts himself in. Otsuyu and Oyone cannot get in, and can only circle the house, lamenting.

At a loss, Oyone brings Otsuyu to Tomozo and asks him to peel off the charms and take away Shinzaburo's protective Buddha. Tomozo is terrified to learn they are ghosts, but his wife Omine has an idea: if anything happens to their landlord they will have nothing to live on, so he should do it in exchange for a hundred ryo.

Tomozo and Omine urge Shinzaburo to take a bath in a tub, and while Omine is washing him, Tomozo swaps the Kaion Nyorai that Shinzaburo keeps on him for a clay statue of Fudo that he has brought along. That night, when Oyone appears with the hundred ryo, Tomozo climbs a ladder on shaking legs and peels off the charm on the back window. The next morning Shinzaburo is found dead, his face twisted in agony, and beside him lies a skull, clinging to his neck. The story then goes on to what happens to Tomozo and Omine after they get their hands on the hundred ryo.

The sage the punchline, contains spoilers

Tap to reveal the punchline

(As a serial, it has no set sage)

In Encho's sokkibon the story runs to twenty-odd chapters. It was originally a serial told over many nights. At yose and rakugo shows, performers tell only one part, and instead of ending on a set sage (a punchline) such as a jiguchi (a pun), they end at a break in the story.

How the long story fits together, and its main parts

The whole work weaves together two plots that move forward in turns: a ghost story about Otsuyu, Shinzaburo, and Tomozo and his wife, and a revenge story about Iijima Heizaemon and his servant Kosuke. The well-known story of Shinzaburo haunted by Otsuyu's ghost is only part of the first half of the long work.

What happensPlot
Beginning (The Sword Shop)The young Iijima Heizaemon (then called Heitaro) cuts down Kurokawa Kozo, a samurai who is a violent drunk, in front of a sword shopRevenge plot
Otsuyu and ShinzaburoIntroduced by Yamamoto Shijo, Otsuyu and Shinzaburo meet and fall for each other at first sightGhost plot
Ofuda-hagashi (Peeling Off the Charms)In exchange for a hundred ryo, Tomozo and his wife take away Shinzaburo's protective Buddha and charmsGhost plot
Kosuke's SpearKosuke, a servant of the Iijima household, mistakes his master Heizaemon for the adulterer Genjiro and stabs himRevenge plot
Kurihashi (The Murder of Omine)Tomozo, who has used the hundred ryo to open a general store (the Sekiguchiya) in Kurihashi, kills his wife OmineGhost plot
SekiguchiyaOmine possesses the shop's servants and blurts out Tomozo's crimes, and things start to move when Tomozo meets Shijo againGhost plot
EndingTomozo is arrested, and Kosuke takes revenge on Okuni and Genjiro, his master's enemiesThe two plots meet

Key scenes original dialogue written for this site

The night of Obon

  • (From far away, the karan-koron of wooden clogs comes closer)
  • ShinzaburoWho's there so late at night? ...Why, that lantern...
  • OyoneOh my, Master Hagiwara. Miss, it's Master Hagiwara.
  • ShinzaburoI was told that Otsuyu had passed away...
  • OtsuyuAnd I was told that it was you who had passed away.

A request through the mosquito net

  • OyoneTomozo, I have a favor to ask. Please, peel off the charms on Master Hagiwara's house.
  • TomozoN-no way. If I did that, who knows what would happen to the master...
  • OyoneUnless you peel them off, my mistress will go on weeping every night.
  • TomozoW-wait till tomorrow night. I've got to talk it over with the wife.

The couple talks it over

  • TomozoSay no and they'll curse us. Peel 'em off and the master's in danger. Either way it's bad news.
  • OmineListen, if the master's gone, we won't have anything to eat either.
  • TomozoThat's exactly why I'm stuck.
  • OmineThen take the job, but get money for it. Tell them a hundred ryo. With that much, we could even open a little shop.

This is not a transcription of any storyteller's performance. The plot follows the classic version; the dialogue was written for this site.

Notable performers

More stories

Rakugo ghost storiesBotan Doro, Shinigami and more → Hear rakugo live at a yoseYose Guide: Rakugo Theaters in Tokyo, Kansai and Beyond →